AEAS阅读真题训练解析

　　今天小编带来一篇AEAS考试的阅读真题训练，每道题后面有答案，希望同学们能认真阅读并仔细做题。做完之后再看答案对答案。反思自己还有哪些不足。

　　Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

　　Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labors online.

　　Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository (库)，and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects—but these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.

　　But the barriers are disappearing, in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to “shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as a private preserve”. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them.

　　Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely altruistic (利他的).Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. The most successful sharers— those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often—get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. “I‟d much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions,” she says. “It，s important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible.”

　　Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.

　　1.What do many researchers generally accept?

　　A)It is imperative to protect scientists‟ patents.

　　B) Repositories are essential toscientific research.

　　C) Open data sharing is most important tomedical science.

　　D) Open data sharing isconducive to scientific advancement.

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】由题干中的关键词many researchers, generally accept可定位至原文的第一段。

　　D项中的is conducive to scientific advancement 对应原文的 accelerate science。因此选 D。

　　2.Whatis the attitude of most researchers towards making their own data public?

　　A)Opposed.

　　B) Ambiguous.

　　C) Liberal.

　　D) Neutral.

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】本题定位至原文第一段的最后：但是大部分研究人员仍不愿意将自己的劳动成果放在网上。

　　此外，第二段的第二句说到， 科学家曾经给出许多反对共享的原因……。这充分说明大部分研究人员反对公开他们的数据。因此选A。

　　3.Accordingto the passage，what mighthinder open data sharing?

　　A)The fear of massive copying.

　　B)The lack of a research culture.

　　C)The belief that research data is private intellectual property.

　　D)The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】本题定位至原文的第三段。

　　其中原文中的“将数据视为私人所有的研究文化”也就是“认为研究数据是private intellectual property的观点”，因此选C。

　　4.Whathelps lift some of the barriers to open data sharing?

　　A)The ever-growing demand for big data.

　　B)The advancement of digital technology.

　　C)The changing attitude of journals and funders.

　　D)The trend of social and economic development.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】由题干中的关键词barriers可定位至原文的第三段。

　　该段指出，障碍正在消失，部分原因是全世界的杂志和资金资助机构正在鼓励科学家们将数据公开。……资金资助机构表明使用公共资金赞助的数据应该成为公共信息。

　　这表明杂志和资助方的态度已经开始接受共享数据的观念，其态度发生了改变，因此选C。

　　5.Dryadserves as an example to show how open data sharing_______.

　　A)is becoming increasingly popular

　　B)benefits sharers and users alike

　　C)makes researchers successful

　　D)saves both money and labor

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】由题干中的关键词Dryad可定位至倒数第二段。原文意思是使用者对公开的数据有疑问的，还可对这些数据提出问题，这样可以使分享者进一步完善数据。

　　这说明，公开数据分享无论对于数据的分享者还是使用者，他们都能从中受益。因此选B。

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